The change marks one of the most significant updates to the UK’s border system in decades and forms part of the government’s long-term plan to create a fully digitised, contactless immigration process.

Once enforcement begins, all travellers who do not require a visa must hold either an ETA or an eVisa before boarding a plane, ferry or train to the UK. Airlines and carriers will be responsible for checking passengers in advance, with anyone lacking digital authorisation denied travel.

The Home Office said that since ETA first launched in October 2023, more than 13.3 million people have applied successfully, benefiting from faster processing at UK passport control. The system already applies to visitors on connecting flights who pass through UK border checks.

Minister for Migration and Citizenship Mike Tapp said: "ETAs give us greater power to stop those who pose a threat from setting foot in the country and gives us a fuller picture of immigration. ETAs are also better for travellers. Digitising the immigration system ensures the millions of people we welcome to the UK every year enjoy a more seamless travel experience."

He added that the gradual rollout was designed to avoid disruption. While ETA was introduced last year, it has not been strictly enforced to allow travellers time to adapt, mirroring similar approaches in the United States and Canada.

Applications can be made through the official UK ETA app and cost £16. Most are approved within minutes, although the Home Office recommends applying at least three working days in advance.

British and Irish citizens do not need an ETA. Dual British nationals are being strongly advised to travel on a valid British passport or certificate of entitlement to avoid being denied boarding.

The government said the move will bring the UK in line with other major destinations developing digital border systems and will help create a more secure and efficient screening process for international arrivals.